<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Daniel Josef M. Aloroy<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.15.08</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">O0B<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>ITETHIC</p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing">Book Review on Ethics and the Conduct of Business 5<sup>th</sup> Edition (John R. Boatright)</p>
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<p>&nbsp;<em>Whether or not to blow the whistle on misconduct in an organization is the most difficult decision that some people ever have to make. The decision is wrenching personally because the stakes are so high. Yet many whistle-blowers say that they could not have lived with themselves if they had stayed silent. The decision is also difficult ethically, because whistle-blowing involves a conflict between two competing duties: to protect the public and to be loyal to an organization. Although loyalty is not always overriding, as the loyal agent argument holds, neither is it inconsequential. Deciding between these duties often requires that an employee exercise very careful judgment.</em></p>
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Whistle-blowing is really a hard decision to make for an employee. For it to be legally called a whistle-blowing, a person must be an employee of an organization to whom he/she will expose an immoral conduct within it. He/she cannot be just an external person of the organization, thus making him/her only a witness. It puts them in a very difficult situation wherein they have to make a changing phenomenon inside the company. Whatever he/she saw happened, it would not only be for his/her own good but also for the majority of the company. Everyone has an obligation not to be a part of illegal and immoral activity, but exposing it at great risk to oneself is usually regarded as beyond what duty requires. If the whistle-blower opts not to expose the activity, it may result to blaming himself in the end for not fully blowing the whistle.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;<em>Imagine that most of the stores you entered created a record of your visit including not only your purchases but also what merchandise you looked at, how long you took, what route you followed through the store, what other stores you had visited, and what you bought there. Imagine further that, in many instances, the store could connect this information with your name, address, telephone number, and perhaps your age, income level, and lifestyle. You would probably have the feeling that your shopping activity was being closely scrutinized and that you lacked virtually any privacy while browsing. The most common method for obtaining information covertly is the installation of a “cookie”, which is a file placed on a user’s hard drive that recognizes a repeat user and stores information from past visits. Cookies benefit users by eliminating the need to enter information each time, but they can also provide the site owner with “clickstream” data about what pages are visited and how much time is spent on each one.</em></p>
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>As a student of web development and e-commerce, I have also encountered creating a cookie. From what I have experienced, I learned that any user can avoid entering a username and password provided that he had already visited that site before. It is a text file that would be kept in your hard drive and would supply necessary and stored information to the site as soon as you typed the web site in the browser. It would be primarily unfair to those who are not that knowledgeable about the more sophisticated world of internet. They will soon realize that they have been already receiving spams in their e-mails and ad banners kept on appearing to their browsers while surfing the net. This is the main problem users face with cookies being installed in their computers or even to other computers. Privacy threat is the primary effect that it can manifest. Another site can get a user’s personal and confidential information that would make them eligible to login or use the person’s account.</p>